![]() Panova and Carbonell published a review in 2018 that specifically encouraged terminology of "problematic use" in regard to technology behaviours, rather than continuing research based on other behavioral addictions. Forms of technology addiction have been considered as diagnoses since the mid 1990s. Researchers have variously termed these behaviours "smartphone addiction" and "problematic smartphone use", as well as referring to use of non-smartphone mobile devices (cell phones). Founded in current research on the adverse consequences of overusing technology, "mobile phone overuse" has been proposed as a subset of forms of "digital addiction", or "digital dependence", reflecting increasing trends of compulsive behaviour amongst users of technological devices. It is also known as smartphone overuse, smartphone addiction, mobile phone overuse, or cell phone dependency. 5 Psychological symptoms of phone usage.4 Tools to prevent or treat mobile phone overuse.It has been estimated that 49.8% (4.8 billion) of global population with digital media overuse would be affected with myopia by 2050. Digital media overuse tangentially linked to ocular problems, especially in young age. Due to prolific technological advance, the smartphone overuse continued to be a major threat in Asian countries such as China, with around 700 million users are registered in 2018. In 2019 conducts, global smartphone users penetrated in 41.5% of total population. ![]() The use of smartphone significantly increased since the late 2000s. Preschool children and young adults are at highest risk for problematic smartphone use. Increased use can also lead to adverse effects on relationships, mental or physical health, and ensues anxiety if separated from a mobile phone or sufficient signal. Problematic use can include preoccupation with mobile communication, excessive money or time spent on mobile phones, and use of mobile phones in socially or physically inappropriate situations such as driving an automobile. Other researchers have stated that terminology relating to behavioral addictions in regards to smartphone use can cause additional problems both in research and stigmatization of users, suggesting the term to evolve to problematic smartphone use. ![]() Problematic smartphone use is proposed by some researchers to be a form of psychological or behavioral dependence on cell phones, closely related to other forms of digital media overuse such as social media addiction or internet addiction disorder. Young adults using their mobile phones individually at a party ![]()
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